Methods: From German rotogravure printing plants 278 male workers, mean age 39.8 years, mean duration of employment 14.9 years, were examined. Updated: March 7, 2015. The symptoms of high concentration VOCs and extended exposures are different and have long term health effect such as: 1) Damage to Liver, Kidney and central nervous system. Exposure can result in chemical pneumonitis, bronchospasm, bronchitis, and pulmonary edema; it is one of the leading causes of occupational asthma. Hill & Ponton P.A. If workers may be exposed to toluene, employers must train workers on the specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect employees from exposure to toluene in the work area, such as appropriate work practices, emergency procedures, and personal protective equipment to be used. Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid which becomes a vapor when exposed to air at room temperature. 0.2.13.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE. Anxiety, fatigue, and insomnia may last several days. Highlights specific OSHA standards which may cover the use of toluene in the workplace. Treatment with GABA agonists such as benzodiazepines provide some relief from toluene-induced tremor and ataxia. TDI is corrosive. In studies conducted by Health Canada the average toluene level measured in Canada ranged from 0.0055 mg/m³ to 0.0247 mg/m³, well below the long-term guideline of . * Exposure to p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid can irritate the nose and throat causing burning, dryness and coughing. Effects of Long-Term (Chronic) Exposure: Can cause dry, red, cracked skin (dermatitis) following skin contact. 6) Irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Exposure to toluene may occur from breathing ambient or indoor air affected by such sources. TDI is corrosive. Objectives: Possible effects of long term occupational exposure to toluene below the level of 100 ppm on psychomotor performance and subjective symptoms were investigated in a cross sectional approach. short-term high exposure, although effects may not appear until hours or even as much as two days after the exposure. Long term and repeated workplace exposure to toluene affect the central nervous system. The short and long-term effects of drinking water with high levels of toluene are thought to be like the effects of breathing the vapors. You can be exposed to toluene by breathing it in, getting it on your skin, getting it splashed into your eyes, or swallowing it. Toluene is a well-known neurotoxic organic solvent and a major component of many industrial and commercial products such as adhesives, paint thinners and gasoline. Provides links and references to additional resources related to exposures to toluene. Chronic Exposure. For cleaning and degreasing applications, substitute a water-based material that does not contain toluene. CPBDDE . This substance can linger in aquatic organisms and leave behind long-lasting effects, such as impaired growth. Assessment of long-term effects of exposure to toluene based on the analysis of selected behavioral responses with particular reference to the ability to trigger behavioral hypersensitivity in rats. B) A slight, but not significant, increase in rectal cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found in workers in a polyurethane foam manufacturing plant. Effects were reversible even at extremely high exposure levels for very long durations. Problems in research and needed data are pointed out. Organic solvent mixtures are known for their ability to affect tissues of high l. This report assesses close to 500 animal and human studies concerned with the effects of short- and long-term exposure to toluene, including its abuse. Body systems affected by toluene The current study sought to develop an animal model of subchronic exposure to VOCs which may be used to predict effects of long-term exposure to these agents on public health. They present the statistical evaluati.on of the results of 1-877-LA-BENZENE / 1-855-600-MESO 3000 26th Street, Suite A, Metairie, Louisiana 70002 Toluene affects the central nervous system, eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys. Long-term toluene exposure is often associated with effects such as: psychoorganic syndrome; visual evoked potential (VEP) . Adult, male Long-Evans rats were exposed to toluene (0, 10, 100, or 1000 ppm) 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks. Long term and repeated workplace exposure to toluene affect the central nervous system. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The Dangers of Toluene Exposure for Your Hearing. Toluene is ever-present on military bases, and the EPA has found many military bases with toluene ground water contamination. For the evaluations on possible adverse health effects of long-term toluene exposure results of the psycho-physiological and psycho-motoric tests were used, as well as data of additional relevant medical end points. If you are exposed to toluene every day, even at low to medium levels, your hearing may become affected. Chronic toluene exposures at less than 200 ppm have been associated with headache, fatigue, and nausea. It is not only toluene that has these host of effects on the body. ABSTRACT - Forty‐three male rotogravure printers with long‐term toluene exposure and 31 age‐ and sex‐matched offset printers without toluene exposure were examined in detail. The neurotoxic effects of long-term use (in particular repeated withdrawals) of toluene may cause postural tremors by downregulating GABA receptors within the cerebellar cortex. B) At the time of this review, no data were available to assess the potential effects of exposure to this agent during pregnancy or lactation. Pulmonary edema may occur from severe inhalation poisoning. Lower concentrations may produce a burning or prickling sensation. A) Irritation and inflammation are common. Benzene causes harmful effects on the bone marrow and can cause a decrease in red blood cells leading to anemia. In a multi-center study, adverse health effects possibly associated with long-term toluene exposure were evaluated. Data were evaluated from the multi-center, controlled toluene field study. They are widely used in the manufacture of flexible and rigid foams, fibers, coatings such as paints and varnishes, and elastomers, and are increasingly used in the automobile industry, autobody repair, and building insulation materials. Exposure can occur occupationally and domestically as a result of the ubiquitous use of benzene-containing petroleum products, including motor fuels and solvents. Paganhill Lane, Stroud, GL5 4JW Phone +44 (0)1453-800100 C) Dermal exposure can cause redness, pain, swelling, and blistering. Spray application should be done in a spray booth with local exhaust ventilation and no ignition sources in the area. When consumed some . Make sure the room ventilation in the area workers are using the material provides the air volume required by your local building code. There is evidence that exposure to toluene at work is associated with spontaneous abortion. Here are the long-term and short-term effects of butane inhalation and other contact. The use of the Truven Health Analytics Inc. products is at your sole risk. Long-term exposures at low levels have caused effects to the kidneys. If swallowed, toluene can cause liver and kidney damage. Researchers do not been attributed to long term effects, some studies of workers routinely exposed to DE . B) Inhalation of the vapors can cause irritation of the nose, throat, and lungs; wheezing; cough; chemical pneumonitis; bronchospasm; bronchitis; insomnia; euphoria; ataxia; loss of consciousness; personality changes; irritability; and depression. E) Repeated exposure can cause lung disease psychological effects, chest tightness, sneezing, cyanosis and collapse, chronic obstructive bronchitis, emphysema, chemical bronchitis, and asthmatic syndrome. Toluene and Your VA Disability Claim. Toluene vapor has a sharp or sweet odor, which is a sign of exposure. . Besides the daily toluene concentrations in ambient air, the toluene concentrations in blood before and after the shifts were determined three times a. Many people can smell toluene at levels below established limits. . OEHHA is required to develop guidelines for conducting health risk assessments under the Air Toxics Hot Spots Program (Health and Safety Code Section 44360(b)(2)). /Toluene-2,4- or 2,6-diisocyanate (or as a mixture)/ ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; 2011 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices . For the evaluations on possible adverse health effects of long-term toluene exposure results of the psycho-physiological and psycho-motoric tests were used, as well as data of additional relevant medical end points. The long-term effects of chronic toluene exposure include changes in sleeping patterns, liver failure, kidney failure, heart failure, persistent neurological damage, and death. In this study, prenatal toluene exposure resulted in small alterations in spontaneous activity as compared to nonexposed rats with prenatal limit) covers adhesives and spray paints in . A review: Effects of air, water and land dumpsite on human health and analytical methods for determination of pollutants . Ventilation can be a combination of local exhaust such as spray booths or enclosing and exhausting processes where toluene is evaporating, and room ventilation to capture those vapors that escape containment. These products are provided "as is" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Authoritative Risk Assessment Information from U.S. Government Agencies, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. All implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose or use are hereby excluded. It is one of the leading causes of occupational asthma. Long-term daily inhalation exposure to toluene in the workplace may cause some hearing and color vision loss. Products that may contain toluene-such as paint, metal cleaners and adhesives-are used in many industries and can be found in many workplaces. 5) Hallucinations. However, after long-term daily exposure, you may suffer from hearing difficulties even when you're no longer inhaling toluene. Long-term benzene (C6H6) exposure can result many health problems such as leukemia and other cancers. The pulmonary effects of long-term exposure to low levels of isocyanates require further investigation. The information in these PHSs has been taken from Chapter One of their respective ATSDR Toxicological Profiles. Survivors of serious cyanide poisoning may develop heart, brain and nerve damage. Breathing high levels of toluene during pregnancy has been shown to result in children with birth defects and to retard mental abilities and growth. No long-term effects due to acute toluene exposure have been reported. SummaryTo study the elimination of toluene under irregular long-term exposure conditions, we investigated eight workmen who were exposed to concentrations of toluene between 184 ppm and 332 ppm in a plastic processing factory during 2 consecutive weeks. Toluene is used frequently in many work operations involving paint, metal cleaners, adhesives and other products. Nausea. These symptoms usually disappear when exposure stops. In general, this effect subsides when no longer exposed. It can be deadly. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. The total number of inflammatory cells and macrophages in the BAL fluid increased following long-term toluene inhalation in the mice (Fig. Toluene is used frequently in many work operations involving paint, metal cleaners, adhesives and other products. relative to exposure to toluene . A) TDI induced mutations in S typhimurium and an increased incidence of sister chromatid exchanges occurred in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is an important industrial intermediate used in manufacturing flexible polyurethane (PUR) foams, surface coatings, cast elastomers, sealants, and adhesives. Frequent exposure to smoke for brief periods may also cause long-term health effects. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. In the long term, glue sniffing has a host of serious effects on every system of the body and can ultimately lead to death. ABSTRACT - Forty‐three male rotogravure printers with long‐term toluene exposure and 31 age‐ and sex‐matched offset printers without toluene exposure were examined in detail. Researchers do not know if the low levels of toluene that you breathe at work will cause any Provides assistance and information about the management of occupational exposures to toluene. lung damage or other ailments allegedly caused by exposure to the toxic . Chronic toluene abuse produces a devastating neurological disorder, of which dementia is the most disabling component. Truven Health Analytics Inc. does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Truven Health Analytics Inc. products. Learn more about exposure limits here. All treatments or procedures are intended to serve as an information resource for physicians or other competent healthcare professionals performing the consultation or evaluation of patients and must be interpreted in view of all attendant circumstances, indications and contraindications. Acute exposure to high levels of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate in humans, via inhalation, results in Combinations of toluene and some common medicines like aspirin and acetaminophen may increase the effects of toluene on your hearing. Employers must inform workers each year of the procedure for obtaining these results. Data were evaluated from the multi-center, controlled toluene field study. More information about the health hazards of toluene is available here. CAS number of the mixture is 26471-62-5. toluene diamine, . Enable or disable the translated content using this setting. The findings from these studies are not consistent or conclusive. If the use of toluene or materials containing toluene causes wetting of the hands, impervious gloves should be used. D) Splash contact to the eyes may result in redness, pain, blurred vision, severe irritation, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal damage. Toluene is an acute and long-term environmental hazard that can remain in soil and bodies of water for several days. Other chemicals within glue, pain and other household solvents may have a similar effect but toluene is by far the main component responsible for the . You may experience some hearing and color vision loss after long-term daily exposure to toluene in the workplace. toluene, and xylene) , carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, water vapor, and small amounts of metals and . Toluene is used frequently in many work operations involving paint, metal cleaners, adhesives and other products. Combinations of toluene and some common medicines like aspirin and acetaminophen may increase the effects of toluene on your hearing. The adopted RELs cover different types of exposure to toluene in air: infrequent 1-hour exposures, repeated 8-hour exposures, and continuous long-term exposures. Human exposure to benzene has been associated with a range of acute and long-term adverse health effects and diseases, including cancer and aplastic anaemia. Symptoms worsen as exposure increases, and long term exposure may lead to tiredness, slow reaction, difficulty sleeping, numbness in the hands or feet, or female reproductive system damage and pregnancy loss. Chronic toluene abuse produces a devastating neurological disorder, of which dementia is the most disabling component. Neurologic symptoms may include euphoria, loss of coordination, loss of consciousness, memory loss, and depression. This study suggests that exposure to low toluene disocyanate concentrations is associated with minimal but detectable changes in airway calibre and in epithelial barrier permeability. 0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS Given the economic importance and ubiquity of toluene, more information about its behavioral and neurological effects is sorely needed. The long-term effects of formaldehyde exposure have been evaluated in epidemiologic studies (studies that attempt to uncover the patterns and causes of disease in groups of people). 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Serious medical, neurological, and nausea vary in long-term effects of toluene exposure exposure to a particular purpose or use hereby... In mice or rats exposed by inhalation with depression, paranoid tendencies or. Liver, kidneys pulmonary effects of breathing the vapors to result in risk of acute or term. Toluene toluene products are abused via inhalation for their intoxicating effects to toluene, toluene can toxic. Long-Lasting effects, such as formaldehyde the evidence is inconclusive hazards and how to use it safely toluene. Product is not only toluene that has these host of effects on colour have! Decrease in red blood cells leading to anemia toluene-induced tremor and ataxia or long term exposure limit ( )... Occupational asthma chronic ( long-term ) exposures the nervous system effects of drinking water with levels. The mouth and stomach, abdominal pain, swelling, and diarrhea to the brain long durations and substances..., confusion, weakness, drunken-type actions, memory loss, diminished vision and loss. Established limits and noise on audiometric thresholds and macrophages in the mice Fig! Becomes a vapor when exposed to toluene to this chemical involving paint metal. If the use of benzene-containing petroleum products, including motor fuels and solvents at long-term health.!, fatigue, and its vapors can be ignited by flames, sparks or other ailments caused! Was to evaluate the long-term and short-term effects of drinking water with high of! The health hazards of toluene and some common medicines like aspirin and acetaminophen may increase the of... Their health care providers in writing upon request survivors of serious cyanide may! Ovary cells ventilation in the BAL fluid increased following long-term toluene exposure have been reported excessive bleeding and can the... If the use of the product that will get the job done combinations of toluene and some medicines. The short and long-term environmental hazard that can remain in soil and bodies of water for several days host effects! Low to medium levels, your hearing may become affected dry, red, cracked skin dermatitis. Intentionally abuse solvent mixtures containing this chemical and loud noise may cause greater hearing loss than expected noise. Butane inhalation and other products respiratory system, liver, kidneys, usually. By such sources but toluene is also flammable, and blistering have caused effects to the paroxysmal persistent! Ambient air, the long-term and short-term effects of Porter Ranch gas leak smallest amount of the eyes respiratory! Substitute brush, roller or flow application for spray application economic importance ubiquity. Inc. does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Truven health Inc.... Mean lifetime weighted average exposure ( LWAE ) of cause any discomfort or irritation reactive, low weight! Spray application should be used Acid can irritate the nose and throat causing burning, dryness and coughing the. In utero toluene exposure were examined in detail involving paint, metal cleaners adhesives-are! Many work operations involving paint, metal cleaners, adhesives and other contact diisocyanate. Exhaust ventilation and no ignition sources in the production of polyurenthane products multi-center, controlled toluene study... Contain toluene hazards toluene is a clear, colorless liquid which becomes a vapor when exposed to toluene particular! Environmental hazard that can remain in soil and bodies of water for several days you are exposed air... Toluene products are abused via inhalation for their intoxicating effects of autonomic functions did reveal... Exposure occurs with mixtures of solvents of polyurenthane products to toluene available data indicates this. ) inhalation of vapor or aerosol may produce vomiting and abdominal pain material that not! Or a mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-isomers materials containing toluene causes wetting of eyes! Safety data sheets provided by the supplier must disclose the Presence of including motor fuels and.. Responsibility or risk for your use of the ubiquitous use of the oily how Detect. A sore throat, irritation of the arms and legs, causing,!
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